Матеріал з Вікіпедії — вільної енциклопедії.
Едда Назва
ісл. Edda Похідна робота
Кільце Нібелунга Видання або переклади
Edda (Simrock 1876) d Poetic Edda (dutch) d Дата публікації
1270 Мова твору або назви
ісландська Літературний мотив
god as son of giant d [ 1] [ 2] god as son of nine giantesses d [ 1] [ 2] three creators d [ 2] cow as creator d [ 2] supreme deity as creator d [ 2] omniscient deity d [ 2] gods as sons of supreme god d [ 2] deity issues from earth d [ 2] black deity d [ 2] luminous deity d [ 2] white deity d [ 2] deity with gold teeth d [ 2] one-eyed deity d [ 2] deity with one hand d [ 2] deity with thick (iron) shoe d [ 2] deity rides boar d [ 2] Sleipnir: eight-legged horse of Odin d [ 2] goddess flies in bird's plumage d [ 2] deity's wagon drawn by unusual animals d [ 2] deities as workers d [ 2] home of deities on high mountain d [ 2] palaces of the deities d [ 2] city of deities d [ 2] banquets of the deities d [ 2] magic food rejuvenates the deities d [ 2] theft of magic mead by Odin d [ 2] horses of the deities d [ 2] jewels of the deities d [ 2] conflicts of the deities d [ 2] fight of the deities and giants d [ 2] [ 3] brother-sister marriage of the deities d [ 2] ravens as attendants of deity d [ 2] wolves as deity's dogs d [ 2] watchman of the deities d [ 2] doorkeeper of the deities d [ 2] deity rides through air on wind-swift horse d [ 2] deity flies in bird plumage d [ 2] deity as judge of humans d [ 2] death of the deities d [ 2] fate controls deities d [ 2] deity controls elements d [ 2] deity has magic vision only from their throne d [ 2] wind-god d [ 2] goddess of world of the dead d [ 2] deity of the slain d [ 2] deity of the hanged d [ 2] goddess of earth d [ 2] Mother Earth[d] [ 2] sea-god d [ 2] sea-goddess d [ 2] waves as girls, daughters or widows of the sea-god d [ 2] god of hunting d [ 2] goddess of hunting d [ 2] goddess of healing d [ 2] deity of skiing (or snow-shoes) d [ 2] The Fates d [ 2] god of justice d [ 2] god of poetry d [ 2] goddess of youth d [ 2] goddess of love d [ 2] goddess of oaths d [ 2] god of war d [ 2] Valkyries (shield-maidens) d [ 2] deity of single-combats d [ 2] culture hero creator's son d [ 2] culture hero arrives (and departs) in boat d [ 2] culture hero asleep in mountain d [ 2] spontaneous creation - evolutionary type d [ 2] creation from vapor-produced primeval giant d [ 2] universe created out of fire world d [ 2] universe created out of ice and mist d [ 2] world parents: sky-father and earth-mother as parents of the universe d [ 2] world-tree d [ 2] river connecting earth and upper and lower worlds d [ 2] nine nights' riding from heaven (or earth) to hell d [ 2] Valhalla d [ 2] pillar supporting sky d [ 2] four dwarfs support the sky d [ 2] hell located to the north d [ 2] serpents in hell d [ 2] rivers of poison in hell d [ 2] river in hell filled with weapons d [ 2] dragons in hell d [ 2] wolf in hell d [ 2] well in hell d [ 2] gate around hell d [ 2] stygian river d [ 2] ferryman on river in lower world d [ 2] maiden at the bridge to hell d [ 2] hound of hell d [ 2] ship of hell d [ 2] heavenly bodies from objects thrown into sky d [ 2] origin of sky from Ymir's skull d [ 2] sky supported by north star around which it revolves d [ 2] chariot of the sun d [ 2] charioteer of the sun d [ 2] sun sister and moon brother d [ 2] eclipse caused by monster devouring sun or moon d [ 2] two children in moon with yoke and bucket d [ 2] causes of moon's phases d [ 2] creation and condition of the stars d [ 2] stars from objects thrown into sky d [ 2] origin of Orion d [ 2] rainbow made as bridge by the deities d [ 2] rainbow has three colors d [ 2] primeval water d [ 2] earth brought up by three deities d [ 2] earth rises from sea d [ 2] earth from giant's body d [ 2] Midgard Serpent d [ 2] stream of paradise from roots of world-tree d [ 2] snake at roots of earth-tree d [ 2] hart(s) eating of the earth-tree d [ 2] chattering squirrel in the earth-tree d [ 2] wise eagle in the earth-tree d [ 2] hawk in the earth-tree d [ 2] ocean made from blood d [ 2] river from the slaver of the Fenris-wolf d [ 2] rivers from mythical well d [ 2] springs originate from horse's hoof-prints d [ 2] spring breaks forth at need of demigod's warriors d [ 2] spring from beneath world-tree d [ 2] origin of salt springs d [ 2] contours of land caused by plowing of goddess d [ 2] origin of rocks and stones d [ 2] series of world catastrophes d [ 2] doomsday d [ 2] deluge: escape in boat (ark) d [ 2] world-fire d [ 2] continuous winter destroys the race d [ 2] golden age d [ 2] why the sea is salt: magic salt mill d [ 2] origin of swirling motion of water d [ 2] winds caused by flapping wings d [ 2] origin of dew d [ 2] origin of clouds from Ymir's brain d [ 2] night and day have steeds and chase each other d [ 2] human created by co-operation of the deities d [ 2] mankind from salty stone (ice block) licked by cow d [ 2] creation of human from tree d [ 2] Adam's body made of eight (four) things d [ 2] deities build houses and fashion tools d [ 2] origin of medicine (healing) d [ 2] origin of the net for fishing d [ 2] origin of various tribes d [ 2] origin of different classes - social and professional d [ 2] characteristics of various peoples - in personal appearance d [ 2] why salmon has tapering tail d [ 2] origin of trees d [ 2] Rowan helps Thor out of river d [ 2] dragons live in hell d [ 4] dragon lives beneath tree d [ 4] flying dragon d [ 4] dragon gnaws the roots of tree d [ 4] monster ox (bull) killed d [ 4] the cow Audhumla d [ 4] horse with golden mane d [ 4] the goat Heidrun d [ 4] mythical rooster d [ 4] flying horse d [ 4] boar with golden bristles d [ 4] wise eagle (in Yggdrasil) d [ 4] birds as reporters of sights and sounds d [ 4] swan as prophetic bird d [ 4] boat drawn by swans (geese) d [ 4] birds point out road to hero d [ 4] marriage to dog in human form d [ 4] marriage to wolf in human form d [ 4] marriage to seal in human form d [ 4] marriage to dove-maiden d [ 4] the cow Audhumla sprang from the dripping rime of the creation of the universe d [ 4] venomous serpent d [ 4] giant serpent d [ 4] tabu: offending guardian spirits d [ 5] tabu: sexual intercourse with unearthly beings d [ 5] tabu: eating in other world d [ 5] tabu: drinking in other world d [ 5] speaking tabu d [ 5] tabu: touching treasures of other world d [ 5] tabu: spinning on holy days d [ 5] transformation: god to giantess d [ 6] werwolf d [ 6] transformation: human to ox d [ 6] transformation: human to salmon d [ 6] transformation: human to serpent (snake) d [ 6] transformation: human to egg d [ 6] Діва-лебідь [ 6] transformation: statue comes to life d [ 6] transformation to swans by taking chains off neck d [ 6] transformation and disenchantment at will d [ 6] compressible ship d [ 6] compressible hammer d [ 6] transformation to escape death d [ 6] transformation to steal d [ 6] magic object received from mother d [ 6] magic object received from father d [ 6] magic object acquired by trickery d [ 6] magic object forged by smith to order d [ 6] magic ale d [ 6] magic necklace d [ 6] magic hammer d [ 6] magic awl d [ 6] magic thong d [ 6] magic staff d [ 6] magic writings (gramerye, runes) d [ 6] magic well of wisdom d [ 6] oracular twig d [ 6] divination by head (skull) d [ 6] magic wand (twig) locates hidden treasure d [ 6] magic hammer gives strength d [ 6] magic wand renders invisible d [ 6] magic staff renders invisible d [ 6] runes cause frenzy d [ 6] runes protect d [ 6] magic song protects from frost and cold d [ 6] runes protect from the curse of a dead Christian woman d [ 6] runes protect from storm and shipwreck d [ 6] escape from prison by use of charm (formula) d [ 6] magic sword conquers enemy d [ 6] magic ring multiplies wealth d [ 6] charms make childbirth easy d [ 6] magic plant makes childbirth easy d [ 6] magic fruit from Yggdrasil placed in fire makes childbirth easy d [ 6] wounds caused by sword can only be healed by a certain stone d [ 6] charms against elfshot d [ 6] magic transportation by shoes d [ 6] transportation by means of necklace d [ 6] magic transportation by feather-dress d [ 6] magic land and water ship d [ 6] images of animals ridden (driven) d [ 6] self-luminous artificial boar d [ 6] inexhaustible boar's flesh d [ 6] goat with inexhaustible milk d [ 6] sword causes a person's death every time it is drawn d [ 6] magician d [ 6] odin as magician d [ 6] soothsayer (diviner, oracle, etc.) d [ 6] magic power from magician d [ 6] magic power by magic songs d [ 6] magic knowledge from deity d [ 6] magic knowledge from goddess d [ 6] magic knowledge from mythical ancestor d [ 6] magic knowledge from the dead d [ 6] future revealed in dream d [ 6] magic rejuvenation d [ 6] magic illusion d [ 6] sword magically dulled d [ 6] cursing by magic d [ 6] resuscitation by universal weeping d [ 7] dead mother called up from grave to give her son charms d [ 7] ghost summoned by holy water d [ 7] ghost summoned by charm d [ 7] defense against ghosts and the dead d [ 7] fight of living person with dead in the grave d [ 7] abode of the dead in stones d [ 7] body in trance while soul is absent d [ 7] soul in animal form d [ 7] soul in form of serpent d [ 7] journey to lower world d [ 3] Orpheus. Journey to land of dead to bring back person from the dead d [ 3] pit entrance to lower world d [ 3] river entrance to lower world d [ 3] dead oppose return of living from land of the dead d [ 3] river between the realms of giants and gods never freezes d [ 3] bridge to otherworld d [ 3] rainbow bridge to otherworld d [ 3] castles thatched with golden shields in otherworld d [ 3] castles thatched with silver in otherworld d [ 3] fairies (elves) d [ 3] fairies as fallen angels d [ 3] fairy king d [ 3] fairy queen d [ 3] fairies make music d [ 3] fairies cause disease d [ 3] water-spirits d [ 3] water-spirit as woman (water-nymph, water-nix) d [ 3] water-spirits wear precious adornment d [ 3] water-women are powerless when their garments are taken d [ 3] marsh-spirit d [ 3] wood-spirit d [ 3] tree-spirit d [ 3] wood-nymph wooes and then deserts man d [ 3] wild person as wood-spirit d [ 3] underground spirits d [ 3] dwarf d [ 3] dwarfs originate from the blood and bones of giant d [ 3] dwarf with bird feet d [ 3] dwarfs with goat feet d [ 3] dwarfs referred to as "gray", not specifying whether as to dress or hair d [ 3] dwarfs clad in white d [ 3] dwarfs wear red coats d [ 3] dwarf clad in brown d [ 3] dwarf clad in black d [ 3] voice of dwarfs (echo) d [ 3] dwarfs turn to stone at sunrise d [ 3] dwarfs made invisible by magic caps d [ 3] dwarfs as artificers d [ 3] dwarfs as smiths d [ 3] dwarfs do farming d [ 3] dwarfs spin d [ 3] dwarfs die d [ 3] great age of dwarfs d [ 3] dwarfs are wise d [ 3] dwarfs are artful d [ 3] dwarfs live under the ground d [ 3] dwarfs live in hills and mountains d [ 3] dwarfs live in stones d [ 3] dwarfs live in a cliff d [ 3] dwarfs' rock closed by rock-door d [ 3] dwarfs' castle of gold d [ 3] dwarfs are ruled by a king d [ 3] helpful dwarfs d [ 3] money or treasure given by dwarfs d [ 3] dwarfs serve mortals d [ 3] dwarfs teach mortals d [ 3] dwarfs help human beings with spinning d [ 3] malevolent dwarf d [ 3] dwarfs exchange children in cradle d [ 3] dwarfs kidnap mortals d [ 3] dwarfs curse weapons and treasures which they are forced to give (or which the receiver does not appreciate) d [ 3] dwarfs have human woman as midwife d [ 3] dwarfs and Christianity d [ 3] dwarf loves mortal girl d [ 3] dwarfs seek human help in their fights and troubles d [ 3] dwarfs have music d [ 3] dwarfs possess treasure (gold, jewels, etc.) d [ 3] proper names for dwarfs d [ 3] giants and heroes created for the protection and aid of dwarfs d [ 3] giants and dwarfs in contest d [ 3] dwarfs kill giantess by dropping millstone on her head d [ 3] dwarfs in love with other supernatural beings d [ 3] dwarfs make weapons and other precious objects for the gods d [ 3] trolls d [ 3] mountain-men leave broken implement for man to mend d [ 3] nightmare (Alp) d [ 3] guardian spirit of land d [ 3] many-headed giant d [ 3] three-headed giant d [ 3] nine-headed giant d [ 3] giant with stone head d [ 3] giant with six or eight arms d [ 3] giant with stone heart d [ 3] black giant d [ 3] giant in animal form d [ 3] giant as wolf d [ 3] giant as serpent d [ 3] giant as eagle d [ 3] frost-giants d [ 3] giant bride's equipment d [ 3] size of giant d [ 3] giant eats (drinks) prodigious amount d [ 3] giant's snoring as thunder or storm d [ 3] giants sit on mountains and wash feet in stream below d [ 3] giant fishes whales d [ 3] giant has stone club d [ 3] giant's huge kettle d [ 3] giant thinks hammer-blow on head is a nut falling d [ 3] giants marry human beings d [ 3] giant maidens grind gold, peace, soldiers, salt, etc., on large stone mill d [ 3] giants as personifications d [ 3] giant made of the venom from Elivagar d [ 3] giants' live in the east d [ 3] giants in a region of darkness and cold d [ 3] giants in wild forests d [ 3] homes of giants d [ 3] giants live in castles (raths, duns) (ruins of which may still be seen) d [ 3] giants have great age d [ 3] giants large or small at will d [ 3] giant has wound-healing balm d [ 3] giants as controllers of the elements d [ 3] giants as builders of great structures d [ 3] giant's treasure d [ 3] giant possesses treasure d [ 3] giants have animals (dogs, etc d [ 3] giants' ship (Naglfar) d [ 3] giant as smith d [ 3] giants fear lightning d [ 3] sunlight turns giant or troll to stone d [ 3] giants killed by lightning or thunder (personified in the thunder-god) d [ 3] giants drowned (in Ymir's blood) d [ 3] love relations between giants and other supernatural beings d [ 3] giants' watchman (Eggther) d [ 3] giants are wise d [ 3] remarkably pretty white feet d [ 3] gold hair d [ 3] strong person d [ 3] mighty lifter d [ 3] mighty eater d [ 3] person sees equally well by night or day d [ 3] person sees enormous distance d [ 3] marvelous runner swift as thought d [ 3] land of cold and mist d [ 3] land of darkness d [ 3] river which never freezes d [ 3] golden castle (palace, house) d [ 3] tree with golden leaves d [ 3] golden bridge d [ 3] flowers bloom in winter d [ 3] creation of a person by cooperation of skillful humans d [ 3] extraordinary physical reaction to anger d [ 3] ghouls d [ 8] giant ogre d [ 8] three witch sisters d [ 8] witch rides on cattle d [ 8] witch rides on person d [ 8] witch flies through air d [ 8] witches cause disease or death of animals d [ 8] witches ruin crop d [ 8] troll as ogre d [ 8] wolf as ogre d [ 8] stupid ogre d [ 8] help from ogre's daughter (or son) d [ 8] help from ogre's mother d [ 8] theft from ogre d [ 8] ogress lives in water d [ 8] recognition by means of ring enclosed in wound d [ 9] inspection test for suitors d [ 9] tasks imposed on pain of death d [ 9] task: drinking the sea dry d [ 9] theft as a task d [ 9] task: stealing golden apples d [ 9] quest to giant's land d [ 9] race won by deception d [ 10] deceptive eating contest: hole in bag d [ 10] deceptive drinking contest: hole for water d [ 10] land purchase: as much as can be plowed (fenced) in a certain time d [ 10] woman lured into the forest and captured d [ 10] goddess arouses heroes' jealousy and eternal fighting d [ 10] man disguised as woman beguiles hostile chief d [ 10] deities (saints) in disguise visit mortals d [ 10] disguise with hood dropping low over the face d [ 10] deity disguised as menial d [ 10] disguise of man in woman's dress d [ 10] vow not to shave or cut hair until a certain time d [ 11] rather die in battle than in bed d [ 11] spitting of all parties into vessel to seal bargain d [ 11] life spared in return for poetic mead d [ 11] life spared for bringing a dreaded enemy without weapon d [ 11] peace bought for husband d [ 11] descent into hell to learn future d [ 11] curse given to negate good wish d [ 11] dwarf as foster father d [ 12] Thor slays his foster father and takes himself the realm of Thrace d [ 12] druid (poet, learned person) d [ 12] murder punished d [ 13] blinding as punishment d [ 13] man fettered with the entrails of his own sons as punishment for treachery d [ 13] punishment: Loki's son transformed into wolf which tears his brother to pieces d [ 13] love through dream d [ 14] man falls in love by the sight of woman's white arms d [ 14] woman sells favors to obtain a jewel d [ 14] foal born of Loki after dealing with mythical stallion d [ 14] conception from hand or foot d [ 14] birth from nine mothers d [ 14] woman gives birth to animal d [ 14] pregnant man d [ 14] child with several mothers d [ 14] supernatural growth d [ 14] illegitimate child taunted by playmates d [ 14] worship of trees and plants d [ 15] horse worship d [ 15] swine worship d [ 15] sacrifice to stone d [ 15] shoes buried with the dead d [ 15]
Едда — назва двох пам'яток літератури у народів Ісландії , Данії , Норвегії , Швеції . Едда є основним джерелом давньогерманської міфології.
Назву едда мають два різні хоч і пов'язані між собою твори. Це «Едда Семунда» (Edda Sæmundar) («Старша Едда» ) та «Едда Сноррі» («Молодша Едда» ), що в західноєвропейській історіографії відповідно звуться «Поетичною» та «Прозовою».
Старша Едда — збірка міфологічних та героїчних пісень, створених приблизно в X столітті. Записана Едда була XII століття, а потім загублена. Заново рукопис віднайшли лише 1643 року в Кьобенгавні . Назви рукопис не мав.
Молодша Едда — своєрідний підручник теорії поезії давньоісландських поетів-співців (скальдів), впорядкований у 1222—1223 роках ісландським істориком Сноррі Стурлусоном . Основну частину цієї Едди становлять прозаїчні оповідання про давньоісландську міфологію.
Оскільки Едда Сноррі Стурлсона значною мірою виявилася переказом давнішого поетичного рукопису, саме його назвали «Старшою Еддою», а давно відому «Едду Снорі» — «Молодшою».
Етимологія слова «едда» до кінця не з'ясована. Існує кілька версій походження цього слова. Класичними є такі погляди:
Едда походить від слова, що означає поезію (пор. давньоскан. óðr (поезія)).
За назвою хутора Oddi, де, за легендою, Сноррі писав Едду.
В одному з діалектів Едда означає прабаба.
Можливе походження від лат. edere (писати, публікувати)
↑ а б Томпсон С. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: Volume 1: A–C — Rosenkilde and Bagger , 1955. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц бш бщ бю бя ва вб вв вг вд ве вж ви вк вл вм вн вп вр вс вт ву вф вх вц вш вщ вю вя га гб гв гг гд ге гж ги гк гл гм гн гп гр гс гт гу гф гх гц гш гщ гю гя да дб дв дг дд де дж ди дк дл дм дн дп др дс дт ду дф дх дц дш дщ дю дя еа еб ев ег ед ее Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц бш бщ бю бя ва вб вв вг вд ве вж ви вк вл вм вн вп вр вс вт ву вф вх вц вш вщ вю вя га гб гв гг гд ге гж ги гк гл гм гн гп гр гс гт гу гф гх гц гш гщ гю гя да дб дв дг дд де дж ди дк дл дм дн дп др дс дт ду дф дх дц дш дщ дю Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с т у ф х ц ш щ ю я аа аб ав аг ад ае аж аи ак ал ам ан ап ар ас ат ау аф ах ац аш ащ аю ая ба бб бв бг бд бе бж би бк бл бм бн бп бр бс бт бу бф бх бц Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м н п р с Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д е ж и к л м Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958. ↑ а б в г д Thompson S. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature : A Classification of Narrative Elements in Folktales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Medieval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends — 1958.
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